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Center for International Relations
and Sustainable Development

SPY VS. SPY The Game Is Afoot

In a 1932 article for the American Historical Review, the legendary maritime historian Robert G. Albion commented on the then-ongoing “communications revolution,” which in his view “has knit the world closer together…widened the horizons of every community, partly through the rapid di…

A look at what a hung Parliament means for Britain

Britain’s general election has ended with no party winning an outright majority, bringing the second so-called hung Parliament in the last three elections. Here are a few questions over what it means and its implications for the country. QUESTION: WHAT IS A HUNG PARLIAMENT? Answer: It’s an unusual s…

How Vienna produced ideas that shaped the West

ACROSS the cobbles of Vienna’s Michaelerplatz the world of empires, waltzes and mutton-chop whiskers glowers at the modern age of psychoanalysis, atonal music and clean shaves. In one corner, the monumental, neo-baroque entrance to the Hofburg palace, seat of the Habsburgs; in the other, the Looshau…

Turkey and Russia: Envoy’s Murder Will Bend Relationship, Not Break It

Russian Ambassador to Turkey Andrei Karlov was shot and killed Dec. 19 at an art exhibition in Ankara, where he was delivering a public address. Turkish security forces subsequently killed the gunman, reported to be Mert Altintas, a member of the special forces department of the Turkish National Pol…

How Europe can deliver on energy efficiency

The European Commission’s recently released Clean Energy Package, has a 2030 target of 30% energy savings. An important policy instrument to deliver these are Energy Efficiency Obligation (EEO) schemes. According to new research from the Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP), not only are EEOs a highl…

The Invisible Costs of Cyber Weapons

For kinetic weapons like tanks, production costs generally outweigh research and development. For cyber weapons, R&D is almost everything. Max Smeets’ take on the cost of cyber weapons is a thoughtful piece about the economics of cyber warfare, and the article is a useful point of depa…