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Center for International Relations
and Sustainable Development

Soft Power After Ukraine

CAMBRIDGE – As Russian missiles pound Ukrainian cities, and as Ukrainians fight to defend their country, some avowed realists might say, “So much for soft power.” But such a response betrays a shallow analysis. Power is the ability to affect others to get the outcomes you want. A smart realist under…

Detention For Security Reasons in Non-International Armed Conflicts

Detainees who are under lawful pre-trial detention are protected by the judicial guarantee provisions of Common Article 3 and Protocol II of Geneva Conventions (GC). Apart from these rules on the treatment of detainees, international humanitarian law (IHL) does not provide any explicit legal basis f…

Can the Geneva Conventions Shield the ICC from Attacks?

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has come under a lot of pressure in recent years from non-state parties in what it appears to be a series of efforts to interfere with the way in which the ICC conducts its mandate. Examples include the only recently rescinded US sanctions on certain officials …

Digital Watermarking: Protecting Civilians in Cyber Warfare

Since its introduction in the ’80s, the realm of cyberspace has developed rapidly as a platform for conflict. In the post 9/11 era, cyber-conflict has evolved into what experts call the ‘militarisation stage’ , in which the capabilities of actors escalate, including military presence, and the possib…

World economy: the big factors to watch closely

Will 2022 be the year when the world economy recovers from the pandemic? That’s the big question on everyone’s lips as the festive break comes to an end. One complicating factor is that most of the latest major forecasts were published in the weeks before the omicron variant swept the worl…

COP26 – Are we selling a fictional agreement?

In the past decade, environmental degradation has led to a serious rise in natural disasters, from earthquakes to fires, flooding, droughts, extreme weather conditions, even higher risk of pandemics. Such changes in our natural environment not only impede reaching sustainability goals, but also grav…

Clouds Over 2022

Although major economies and markets fared well in 2021 despite all of the surrounding new variants of the coronavirus, 2022 will bring new challenges. In addition to central banks shifting toward policy normalization, geopolitical and systemic risks are multiplying. NEW YORK – Despite dips and disr…