Starvation as a method of warfare and applicable IHL
This essay briefly explores the relevant legal framework that covers the conduct of starvation under IHL, paying particular attention to how this phenomenon is defined under the Geneva Conventions, their Additional Protocols, and within the IHL Customary Rules of the International Committee of the R…
We Urgently Need a New Movement to Fix Global Development
Elena Panaritis is an economist and Founder of Thought4Action, an “action tank” striving for the elimination of socio-economic barriers. She formerly served as a Special Advisor to the Prime Minister of Greece and Member of the Greek Parliament. You may follow her on X @Elena_Panaritis. In recent de…
When “mere hate speech” becomes a crime against humanity -the Media Case-
“A well-read and well-informed genocidaire will know that at the early stages of planning of the ‘crime of crimes’ his or her money is best spent not in purchasing machetes, or Kalashnikovs, or Zyklon B gas, but rather investing in radio transmitters and photocopy machines.” W. Schabas Many o…
Detention For Security Reasons in Non-International Armed Conflicts
Detainees who are under lawful pre-trial detention are protected by the judicial guarantee provisions of Common Article 3 and Protocol II of Geneva Conventions (GC). Apart from these rules on the treatment of detainees, international humanitarian law (IHL) does not provide any explicit legal basis f…
Can the Geneva Conventions Shield the ICC from Attacks?
The International Criminal Court (ICC) has come under a lot of pressure in recent years from non-state parties in what it appears to be a series of efforts to interfere with the way in which the ICC conducts its mandate. Examples include the only recently rescinded US sanctions on certain officials …
The Djoković Case The limits of ‘God-like power’ of Australia’s immigration minister
The Djoković Case The limits of ‘God-like power’ of Australia’s immigration minister „If you thought Novak had a God complex, he’s got nothing on Australia’s immigration minister“, wrote Sarah Martin in The Guardian, after Alex Hawke, Australia’s Minister of Citizenship, Migrant Services and M…
Digital Watermarking: Protecting Civilians in Cyber Warfare
Since its introduction in the ’80s, the realm of cyberspace has developed rapidly as a platform for conflict. In the post 9/11 era, cyber-conflict has evolved into what experts call the ‘militarisation stage’ , in which the capabilities of actors escalate, including military presence, and the possib…
Transparency and legal (un)certainty in European merger control
In March 2021, the European Commission (“Commission”) issued a so-called Article 22 Merger Control Guidance (“Guidance”) on referral rules, encouraging Member States to refer to the Commission concentrations that do not meet national filing thresholds. While the Commission calls this new approach a …
Protecting Data in the Age of Cyber Warfare
With the advancement of science and technology, many aspects of the human community are changing rapidly. Among these, one can very intelligibly and visibly notice the changes in modern day warfare. States no longer deploy its troops to partake in armed conflicts; rather they comfortably plan mass a…
Modern Warfare: Corporate Mercenaries and Wars for Profit
Mercenaries are referred to as the “ world’s second-oldest profession ”. The private military force began to be stigmatised as a result of nation-states that effectively outlawed the private force: the Westphalian world order. The end of the Cold War catalysed an emergence of mercenary activity, whi…