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Center for International Relations
and Sustainable Development

Justice on Trial: Opening Up the Black Box of the Tokyo Tribunal

The U.S.-China competition in waters of the Indo-Pacific, harboring an array of security dilemmas, has ignited debates about the likelihood of war and adequate diplomatic, military, and legal remedies to prevent such a catastrophe. Tumultuous periods of human history such as the 1930s, WWII, and the…

Convention 108+ Signatories and Adequacy Under the GDPR

In today’s world, it is hard to imagine that any organisation might use personal data without transferring it, and commonly used cloud applications can serve as an illustrative example. Most organizations use at least one of them in every day’s work, which implies transferring personal data across t…

Outer space as a global common

An increasingly interconnected and interdependent world marked by uncertainties, threats, and instability requires a complex strategy of governance in order to strengthen the prospects of peace, equity, and eco-sustainability. This complex strategy of governance, inter alia, necessitates ongoing eff…

Vaccine Producers Must Step Up

Governments of countries where vaccines are being produced – the United States, European Union members, the United Kingdom, India, Russia, and China – need to cooperate under United Nations leadership to ensure that a sufficient supply of COVID-19 vaccine doses reaches the poorest countries. Five st…

Sept. 11 and the Future of American History

The public wants prophets. The historian writes stories about the past, but what the public wants is the history of the future. This leads to a paradox. The prophet since the time of Cassandra has largely gone unheeded. However, only the unheeded prophet has her prophecies fulfilled. If the prophet …

The impact of September 11 on US-Russian relations

On September 9, 2001, Russian President Vladimir Putin called his American counterpart George W. Bush with an urgent message: Ahmad Shah Massoud, leader of the anti-Taliban and Moscow-supported Northern Alliance, had been assassinated in Afghanistan by two suicide bombers posing as journalists. Puti…

Will a ‘Digital Military’ Change War?

According to General Jay Raymond, the head of the U.S. Space Force, America’s newest military branch is also on its way to becoming the world’s first fully digital armed service.  Rather than a Tron-esque idea of soldiers fighting virtually in a purely digital battlefield, what Raymond was refe…

The Stagflation Threat Is Real

NEW YORK – I have been warning for several months that the current mix of persistently loose monetary, credit, and fiscal policies will excessively stimulate aggregate demand and lead to inflationary overheating. Compounding the problem, medium-term negative supply shocks will reduce potential growt…

The darkest day of Joe Biden’s presidency

A frantic, somber day in the West Wing as attacks in Kabul resulted in the death of at least 12 U.S. service members. An already perilous withdrawal of U.S. personnel and allies from Afghanistan turned into something much darker on Thursday as the kind of catastrophe President Joe Biden had been war…

Afghan takeover reminds Europe: It has no unified refugee plan

The mere prospect of Afghan migrants heading to Europe’s shores is forcing the Continent to confront its Achilles’ heel: It has never settled a bitter dispute over how to handle asylum seekers. Six years ago, the European Union descended into in-fighting as it struggled to process asylum seekers fle…